Old Cairo: 11 Best Things To Do and What You Need to Know

Old Cairo: 11 Best Things To Do and What You Need to Know

When I first heard about Old Cairo, I figured it would be just another “historic district” — a couple of old churches, maybe a dusty museum or two. But walking through its narrow streets completely shifted my perspective. This isn’t just a neighborhood with ancient buildings — it’s a layered storybook of Egypt’s religious and cultural roots, all crammed into one walkable area. From crumbling Roman walls to candlelit churches and the oldest mosque in Africa, Old Cairo quietly holds centuries of conflict, and resilience. 

History of Old Cairo

Old Cairo, also known as Misr al-Qadima, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited parts of the city and offers a remarkable glimpse into Egypt’s multi-layered history. Dating back nearly 2,000 years, it sits on the ruins of the ancient Roman city of Babylon, where the Romans built a fortress around the 1st century AD. This fortress became the foundation for what would evolve into a religious and cultural crossroads. During the early Christian era, around the 3rd to 7th centuries AD, the area flourished as a Christian stronghold. 

Old Cairo is also home to the Ben Ezra Synagogue, one of the oldest synagogues in Egypt, which adds a Jewish layer to the neighborhood’s religious diversity. In 641 AD, following the Islamic conquest of Egypt, the Muslim commander Amr ibn al-As established Fustat, the first Islamic capital of Egypt, just south of present-day Cairo, and built Amr Ibn Al-As Mosque, the very first mosque in Africa.

Although Islamic Cairo—further north and built later—often gets the spotlight for its mosques and medieval architecture, Old Cairo is actually older and more compact, representing Egypt’s earliest Christian, Jewish, and Islamic roots. It is different from Islamic Cairo, which developed centuries later and centers around Al-Muizz Street and Khan el-Khalili. 

7 Best Things to Do in Old Cairo

1. The Hanging Church (Saint Virgin Mary’s Coptic Orthodox Church)

Perched above the ancient Babylon Fortress, the Hanging Church is one of Egypt’s oldest and most iconic Christian landmarks. Its name derives from its unique location—suspended over a Roman gatehouse. Inside, you’ll find a serene atmosphere adorned with intricate wooden screens, 13th-century icons, and a marble pulpit supported by 13 columns symbolizing Jesus and his disciples. The church has been a pivotal site for the Coptic community, serving as the seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope for centuries. A visit here offers a profound glimpse into Egypt’s Christian heritage and architectural ingenuity.

2. Ben Ezra Synagogue

Nestled in the heart of Coptic Cairo, the Ben Ezra Synagogue is a testament to Egypt’s once-thriving Jewish community.Legend holds that it’s built on the site where baby Moses was found. The synagogue gained international attention in the 19th century with the discovery of the Cairo Geniza—a treasure trove of Jewish manuscripts dating back to the 9th century. Its elegant architecture, featuring a blend of Egyptian and Jewish motifs, offers a peaceful retreat and a deep dive into the multicultural tapestry of Old Cairo.

3. Amr Ibn Al-As Mosque

Established in 642 AD by the Arab general Amr Ibn Al-As, this mosque holds the distinction of being the first mosque built in Egypt and Africa. Though it has undergone numerous renovations, the mosque retains its historical significance and continues to function as a place of worship. Its simple yet expansive design reflects early Islamic architectural principles. Visitors can appreciate the mosque’s serene courtyard and gain insight into the Islamic conquest’s impact on Egyptian culture and religion.

4. Coptic Museum

Adjacent to the Hanging Church, the Coptic Museum houses the world’s most extensive collection of Coptic Christian artifacts. Established in 1908, the museum’s exhibits span from the early Christian era to the Islamic period, showcasing textiles, manuscripts, icons, and architectural elements. The museum itself is an architectural gem, featuring beautifully carved wooden ceilings and stonework. A visit here provides a comprehensive understanding of Egypt’s Christian heritage and the Coptic community’s resilience and artistry.

5. Al-Muizz Street

Al-Muizz Street is a vibrant thoroughfare that offers a journey through Cairo’s Islamic history. Lined with restored medieval buildings, mosques, madrasas, and sabils, the street showcases the grandeur of Islamic architecture. Notable sites include the Qalawun Complex and the Al-Aqmar Mosque. As you stroll along the cobblestone path, you’ll encounter bustling markets, traditional crafts, and the aroma of Egyptian street food, immersing you in the living history of the city.

6. Mosque of Ibn Tulun

Built between 876 and 879 AD, the Mosque of Ibn Tulun is one of Cairo’s oldest and largest mosques. Its unique spiral minaret and vast courtyard reflect the Abbasid architectural style. The mosque’s open design and minimal ornamentation create a tranquil atmosphere, inviting contemplation. Climbing the minaret offers panoramic views of Cairo, providing a visual connection between the city’s ancient and modern landscapes.

7. Citadel of Saladin and Mosque of Muhammad Ali

Dominating Cairo’s skyline, the Citadel of Saladin was constructed in the 12th century as a fortress to protect the city.Within its walls lies the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, built in the 19th century. The mosque’s impressive domes and minarets, along with its richly decorated interior, make it a highlight of Islamic Cairo.The Citadel complex also includes museums and offers stunning views of the city, making it a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.

8. Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus (Abu Serga)

This 4th-century church is built above a crypt believed to have sheltered the Holy Family during their flight to Egypt. Walking inside, you’ll find ancient stonework, a quiet ambiance, and faded frescoes — all steeped in reverence. It’s one of the oldest churches in Cairo and a deeply spiritual place for Christians and history lovers alike. Despite its modest exterior, its historical significance is immense.

9. The Greek Church of St. George

Perched alongside the Roman-era walls of the Babylon Fortress, this Greek Orthodox church is unique for its circular structure and richly decorated interior. The current building dates to the early 20th century, but the site has hosted churches since the 10th century. There’s a beautiful wooden iconostasis and a small museum adjacent to the church showcasing Greek Orthodox relics and artifacts.

10. Babylon Fortress Ruins

The massive stone remnants of the Roman Babylon Fortress still stand as part of Old Cairo’s landscape. You’ll see its towers and walls integrated into the foundations of many nearby churches, including the Hanging Church. Walking through the alleys of Coptic Cairo, you’re literally tracing the walls of a Roman garrison that once defended the empire’s southern flank.

11. Cave Church (St. Simon the Tanner Monastery)

Technically located in Mokattam Hills (just outside the traditional Old Cairo area), this jaw-dropping church is carved into a cliff and seats over 20,000 people — making it one of the largest churches in the Middle East. The surrounding Garbage City neighborhood is a compelling and humbling place, home to the Zabbaleen community, who are the backbone of Cairo’s recycling system. A visit here is both spiritual and eye-opening.

Difference Between Old Cairo vs. Rest of Cairo

Old Cairo (Misr al-Qadima) – “The Historic Core”

Old Cairo refers to a specific, compact district in southern Cairo that includes:

• Coptic Cairo (Hanging Church, Coptic Museum, Ben Ezra Synagogue, Abu Serga)
• Amr Ibn Al-As Mosque
• Ruins of the Babylon Fortress
• Some consider Fustat, the original Islamic capital, part of it
• Mar Girgis Metro Station is your geographical anchor — most Old Cairo attractions cluster around it

It’s south of downtown Cairo, on the east bank of the Nile.

The rest of Cairo includes:

Islamic Cairo

• North of Old Cairo, with mosques, souqs, and citadels (like Khan el-Khalili and Al-Muizz Street)
• Often confused with Old Cairo, but it’s a different historic district

Downtown Cairo

• Built in the 19th century, centered around Tahrir Square
• Home to the Egyptian Museum, modern hotels, cafes

Zamalek, Giza, New Cairo, etc.

• Suburbs and neighborhoods far from the ancient city core

Free things to do in Old Cairo

Visit the Hanging Church (Al-Muallaqa)

This historic Coptic church is one of the oldest in Egypt and totally free to enter. Built above the ruins of a Roman gate, it’s called the “Hanging Church” because it’s suspended over the ancient structure. Inside, you’ll find intricately carved wood, centuries-old icons, and an incredibly peaceful vibe. There’s no entrance fee, but respectful attire is appreciated. You don’t need to be religious to feel the sacredness of the space — it’s a beautiful glimpse into Egypt’s Christian heritage.

Wander the Coptic Cairo Quarter

You can freely stroll through the narrow alleyways of Coptic Cairo, soaking in the layers of history. The area is home to ancient churches, the Ben Ezra Synagogue (free to enter), quiet courtyards, and even spots where tradition says baby Moses was found. It’s a place where history isn’t just told — it’s felt. You’ll find friendly shopkeepers, little stalls selling hand-carved crosses or Arabic calligraphy, and an authentic, non-touristy charm.

Explore Amr Ibn Al-As Mosque

This is the oldest mosque in Africa, founded in 642 AD, and it’s open to visitors for free. You can walk through its airy courtyard and admire the simple elegance of its columns and arches. It’s a peaceful spot to take a break from Cairo’s bustle — just remove your shoes and dress modestly.

Where to Stay in Old Cairo

🏨 Budget Option: Jewel Alfustat Hotel. A beautiful hotel with a gorgeous pool, delicious breakfast and known for their great customer service.

🏨 Midrange Option: Sokon residence Nile. This hotel offers suites with a kitchen that includes a stove top and even a washing machine. You also have access to your own terrace.

🏨 Luxury Option: Hilton Cairo Nile. This 5-star luxury hotel offers all the amenities! This place offers a Spa, fitness center, and a variety of wellness and fitness packages. Not only that, the hotel also offers live music and a wide variety of Mediterranean, Asian, and Middle Eastern cuisines.

How to Get to Old Cairo

By Metro (Best Option for Most Travelers)

• Take Line 1 (Red Line) and get off at Mar Girgis Station.
• The station literally drops you at the doorstep of Old Cairo — right outside the Hanging Church, Coptic Museum, and other key sites.
• It’s cheap (around 5–10 EGP) and usually quicker than traffic-heavy roads.
• Look for signs to “Coptic Cairo” or “Old Cairo” once you exit the station.

By Uber or Taxi

• Uber works well in Cairo and is more reliable (and honest) than street taxis.
• From Tahrir Square (downtown): ~15–25 mins depending on traffic.
• From Cairo International Airport: ~45–60 mins.
• Expect to pay:
  • Uber from downtown: ~50–100 EGP
  • Uber from airport: ~150–200 EGP

On Foot (if nearby)

If you’re staying in Fustat, Islamic Cairo, or nearby neighborhoods, it’s possible to walk — but keep in mind Cairo’s heat and limited sidewalks.

FAQS

Is it safe to walk around Cairo as a tourist?

It is very common in Cairo for street vendors to come up to you and get close to you to sell you items.  They sometimes even follow you and keep trying to get you to buy things.  They are very persistent so if you are a solo female, it can be very intimidating.  No one has physically touched me but having several men come up to you can be challenging- even if you are with someone! 

Are Old Cairo and Islamic Cairo the same?

No, they are not! Old Cairo is older in historical periods and buildings and more religiously diverse (Christian, Jewish, Islamic).  Islamic Cairo is younger and showcases the golden age of Islamic architecture in Egypt.  

Why do tourists visit Cairo?

To see the Pyramids, one of the Wonders of the World! 

What is the famous street in Old Cairo?

Al-Muizz Street.  It’s famous because it’s one of the oldest and most historically significant streets in Cairo, dating back to the Fatimid era (10th century).  Sometimes called an “open-air museum”, it’s lined with beautifully preserved medieval mosques, madrasas, sabils, palaces, and hammams.  It’s been restored to showcase the grandeur of Islamic architecture.

Conclusion

Old Cairo is a beautiful area to visit and I would highly recommend making a stop there if you have time.  Old Cairo has so much historical significance that you’ll appreciate the history even more than just seeing the Pyramids!

Check out my post: Is Cairo Safe?